This article is quoted from Technology Review
In a small manufacturing space on a Cambridge, MA, street dotted with biotech companies, Greg Troiano tinkers with a series of gleaming metal vats interweaved with plastic tubes. The vats are designed to violently shake a mix of chemicals into precise nanostructures, and Troiano's task, as head of process development at start-up BIND Biosciences, is to make kilograms of the stuff--a novel drug-infused nanoparticle. The company hopes the new drug-delivery system will diminish the side effects of chemotherapy while increasing its effectiveness in killing cancer.
Scientists at BIND have shown that their nanoparticles--which are not only infused with drugs but also enrobed in cancer-targeting proteins--can better stop the growth of prostate, breast and lung tumors in rodents. BIND has made particles that can remain in the bloodstream for more than a day, increasing the likelihood that the drug will reach its target tissue. It is also refining a method for making large volumes of its nanoparticle-based delivery system in preparation for clinical trials of its technology in cancer patients next year.
The company's approach is based on self-assembling polymers developed in the lab of Robert Langer, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT and a pioneer in biomaterials research. Langer founded BIND in 2006 with Omid Farokhzad, a scientist and physician at Harvard Medical School and a former postdoctoral researcher in Langer's lab.
"The idea of using nanoparticles is to lower the dose while maintaining efficacy and reducing side effects," says Piotr Grodzinski, director of the Nanotechnology for Cancer Programs at the National Cancer Institute, in Bethesda, MD. Grodzinski said in some cases the nanoparticles could be used to increase the dose while reducing toxicity. This is especially important for chemotherapeutics, which often must be administered in high doses that result in severe side effects--so severe that some patients choose to forgo the treatment.

